Oomatshini bokumba basetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwimisebenzi yokwemba izimbiwa kunye nokuphucula. Kubandakanya oomatshini bokwemba kunye noomatshini bokuphucula. Umgaqo wokusebenza kunye nolwakhiwo loomatshini bokukhangela izinto ziyafana okanye ziyafana nezo zisetyenziswa ekwembeni izimbiwa ezifanayo. Ngokubanzi, oomatshini bokukhangela izinto basebenza koomatshini bokwemba. Ukongeza, inani elikhulu leekreyini, ii-conveyors, ii-ventilators kunye noomatshini bokuhambisa amanzi nazo zisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yokwemba.

Ukwahlulwahlulwa koomatshini bokwemba

1. Izixhobo zokutyumza
Izixhobo zokutyumza zizixhobo zoomatshini ezisetyenziselwa ukutyumza iiminerali.

Imisebenzi yokutyumza idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa ngokutyumza okurhabaxa, ukutyumza okuphakathi kunye nokutyumza okucolekileyo ngokobungakanani bokutya kunye nokukhupha i-granularity. Izixhobo zegrabile ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka i-jaw crusher, i-impact crusher, i-impact crusher, i-compound crusher, i-single-stage hammer crusher, i-vertical crusher, i-gyratory crusher, i-cone crusher, i-roller crusher Machine, i-double roller crusher, i-two-in-one crusher, i-one-time forming crusher, njl.njl.

Yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathandathu ngokwendlela yokutyumza kunye neempawu zesakhiwo somatshini (umgaqo wesenzo).
(1) Isixhobo sokutyumza umhlathi (Laohukou). Isenzo sokutyumza kukucinezela ipleyiti yomhlathi eshukumayo rhoqo kwipleyiti yomhlathi esisigxina ukuze kutyumzwe iibhloko zentsimbi ezifakwe kuyo.
(2) I-cone crusher. Ibhloko ye-ore iphakathi kwee-cones zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, i-cone yangaphandle izinzile, kwaye i-inner cone ijika ngendlela engaqhelekanga ukuze ityumze okanye iphule ibhloko ye-ore ebekwe kuyo.
(3) I-roller crusher. I-nugget ikakhulu ityunyuzwa rhoqo phakathi kwee-roller ezimbini ezijikelezayo ezichaseneyo, kodwa ikwanayo nefuthe lokusila nokuxobuka, kwaye umphezulu we-roller onamazinyo nawo unefuthe lokusika.
(4) Isixhobo sokutyumza esinomphunga. Ii-nuggets zentsimbi zityumzwa kukuphazamiseka kweendawo ezihamba ngokukhawuleza. Ukwahlulwa kolu didi kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube zezi: i-hammer crusher; i-cage crusher; i-impact crusher.
(5) Umatshini wokusila. I-ore iyatyunyuzwa kukungqubana kunye nesenzo sokusila sesixhobo sokusila (ibhola yentsimbi, intonga yentsimbi, igrabile okanye ibhloko ye-ore) kwisilinda esijikelezayo.
(6) Ezinye iintlobo zoomatshini bokutyumza nokugaya.

2. Oomatshini bokwemba
Oomatshini bokwemba sisixhobo soomatshini esisetyenziselwa ukwemba ngqo izimbiwa eziluncedo kunye nomsebenzi wemigodi, kubandakanya: oomatshini bokwemba ukuze bambe i-ore yesinyithi kunye ne-ore engeyiyo yesinyithi; oomatshini bokwemba amalahle ukuze bambe amalahle; oomatshini bokwemba ioyile ukuze bambe i-petroleum. Umatshini wokuqala wokusika idiski osebenzisa umoya wayilwa yinjineli yaseBritane uWalker kwaye wenziwa ngempumelelo malunga nowe-1868. Ngeminyaka yoo-1880, amakhulu emithombo yeoyile eMelika agrunjwa ngempumelelo ngee-percussion drills eziqhutywa ngomphunga. Ngo-1907, i-roller rig yasetyenziswa ukugrumba imigodi yeoyile kunye negesi yendalo. Ukususela ngo-1937, ibisetyenziselwa ukugrumba imigodi evulekileyo.

3. Oomatshini bokwemba
Oomatshini bokwemba Oomatshini bokwemba abasetyenziswa kwimigodi engaphantsi komhlaba nevulekileyo baquka: oomatshini bokwemba bokwemba imingxuma; ukumba oomatshini kunye nokulayisha nokukhupha oomatshini bokwemba nokulayisha isinyithi; oomatshini bokugrumba ii-patio, ii-shafts kunye nokulinganisa.

4. Oomatshini bokugrumba
Oomatshini bokugrumba bahlulwe baba ziintlobo ezimbini: izixhobo zokugrumba amatye kunye nezixhobo zokugrumba. Izixhobo zokugrumba zahlulwe zaba ziizixhobo zokugrumba eziphezu komhlaba kunye nezixhobo zokugrumba ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
① I-rock drill: isetyenziselwa ukubhoboza imingxunya enobubanzi obuyi-20-100 mm kunye nobunzulu obungaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-20 kumatye angaphezu kobunzima obuphakathi. Ngokwamandla azo, zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-air, internal burn, hydraulic kunye ne-electric rock drills. Phakathi kwazo, ii-air drills zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
② Isixhobo sokugrumba umphezulu: Ngokwendlela eyahlukileyo yokusebenza kwelitye le-ore elityumkileyo, lahlulwe laba yisixhobo sokugrumba i-percussion yentsimbi, isixhobo sokugrumba esingaphantsi komngxuma, isixhobo sokugrumba esijikelezayo kunye nesixhobo sokugrumba esijikelezayo. Isixhobo sokugrumba i-percussion yentambo yocingo siye satshintshwa kancinci kancinci zezinye izixhobo zokugrumba ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphantsi.
③Isixhobo sokugrumba imingxunya engaphantsi komhlaba: Xa kugrunjwa imingxunya engaphantsi komhlaba enobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-150 mm, ukongeza kwiidrili zamatye, kungasetyenziswa needrili ezincinci ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezinobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-80 ukuya kwi-150 mm.

5. Oomatshini bokutsala imijelo
Isebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-axial kunye namandla okujikeleza esinqunqi ukuze iqengqeleke phezu kwelitye, inokutyumza ngokuthe ngqo ukwakheka kwelitye le-ore okanye izixhobo zoomatshini zokwenza umngxuma. Iimela ezisetyenziswayo ziquka ii-disk hobs, ii-wedge hobs, ii-button hobs kunye nezixhobo zokugaya. Ngokomahluko we-tunneling, yahlulwe yaba yi-rig yokutsala ephakamisayo, i-shaft boring rig kunye nomatshini wokutsala othe tyaba endleleni.
① Izixhobo zokugrumba imingxunya yokuphakamisa zisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukugrumba imingxunya yokuphakamisa kunye neechutes. Ngokubanzi, akukho mfuneko yokungena kwimngxunya yokuphakamisa. Umngxunya wokuhlola ugrunjwa nge-roller bit kuqala, kwaye i-hole reamer eyenziwe yi-disc hob isetyenziselwa ukuphinda umngxunya uye phezulu.
②Isixhobo sokugrumba umngxuma sisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukugrumba umthombo ngaxeshanye, kwaye siquka inkqubo yezixhobo zokugrumba, isixhobo esijikelezayo, i-derrick, inkqubo yokuphakamisa izixhobo zokugrumba kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kodaka.
③Umatshini wokugrumba, sisixhobo esibanzi esisebenza ngoomatshini esidibanisa ukuqhekeka kwamatye ngoomatshini kunye nokukhutshwa kwenkunkuma kunye nokwembiwa okuqhubekayo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindlela zamalahle, ubunjineli bemijelo kwimigodi ethambileyo kunye nomgangatho ophakathi wamatye esinyithi anobunzima obuphakathi nangaphezulu. Ukwembiwa kwemijelo.

6. Oomatshini bokwemba amalahle
Imisebenzi yokwemba amalahle iphuhlisiwe ukusuka kwi-semi-mechanization ngeminyaka yoo-1950 ukuya kwi-comprehensive mechanization ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Ukwemba amalahle ngoomatshini ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-shallow-cutting double (single) drum combined colted collateral collateral minimers (okanye plows), flexible scraper conveyors, hydraulic self-moving supports kunye nezinye izixhobo zokwenza i-coal mining icinezele kwaye ithwale. Ukwemba amalahle, ukuthutha, inkxaso kunye nezinye iikhonkco kuya kwenziwa. I-double drum shearer ngumatshini owela amalahle. I-electric motor idlulisela amandla kwi-spiral drum ukuze iwise amalahle nge-cutting part reducer, kwaye intshukumo yomatshini iqatshelwa yi-electric motor ngesixhobo sokudlulisa i-traction part. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokutsala, ezizezi: ukutsalwa kwe-anchor chain kunye nokutsalwa kwe-non-anchor chain. Ukutsalwa kwe-anchor chain kufezekiswa ngokufaka i-sprocket ye-traction part nge-anchor chain ebekwe kwi-conveyor.

7. Ukugrumba ioyile
Oomatshini bokugrumba ioyile elunxwemeni. Ngokwenkqubo yokwemba, yahlulwe ngoomatshini bokugrumba, oomatshini bokukhupha ioyile, oomatshini bokulungisa, kunye noomatshini bokuqhekeza kunye nokwenza i-asidi ukugcina imveliso ephezulu yemithombo yeoyile. Oomatshini bokugrumba Iseti epheleleyo yezixhobo zoomatshini zokwemba okanye zokuvelisa imigodi yokuphuhlisa ioyile okanye igesi yendalo. Izixhobo zokwemba ioyile, kubandakanya ii-derricks, i-drawworks, oomatshini bamandla, iinkqubo zokujikeleza udaka, inkqubo yokuthintela, ii-turntables, ukufakelwa kweentloko zemithombo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lombane. I-derrick isetyenziselwa ukufaka ii-cranes, iibhloko zokuhamba, ii-hooks, njl.njl., ukuphakamisa ezinye izinto ezinzima phezulu nasezantsi kumgangatho wokugrumba, kunye nokuxhoma izixhobo zokugrumba equleni ukuze kugrunjwe.

8. Oomatshini bokucubungula izimbiwa
Ukuzuza yinkqubo yokukhetha iiminerali eziluncedo kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zezimbiwa eziqokelelweyo ngokweentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zeeminerali ezahlukeneyo. Ukuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo kubizwa ngokuba ziimatshini zokunceda. Oomatshini bokunceda bahlulwe baba ziimashini zokutyumza, zokusila, zokuhluza, zokuhlela (zokwahlula) kunye nezokususa amanzi ngokwenkqubo yokunceda. Oomatshini bokutyumza abasetyenziswa rhoqo zii-jaw crushers, ii-gyratory crushers, ii-cone crushers, ii-roller crushers kunye nee-impact crushers. Owona usetyenziswa kakhulu kumatshini wokugaya yi-barrel mill, kubandakanya ii-rod mills, ii-ball mills, ii-gravel mills kunye nee-superfine laminated self-mills. Izikrini zokungcangcazela ezingenayo kunye nezikrini ze-resonance zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumatshini wokuvavanya. Ii-hydraulic classifiers kunye nee-mechanical classifiers ziimashini zokwahlula ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimisebenzi yokwahlulahlula emanzi. Oomatshini bokwahlulahlula i-flotation abasetyenziswa rhoqo ngumatshini we-airlift microbubble flotation opheleleyo, kwaye oomatshini bokukhupha amanzi abadumileyo yinkqubo yokukhupha amanzi rhoqo kwiscreen tailings dry discharge. Inkqubo yokutyumza nokusila edumileyo yi-superfine laminated self-mill.

9. Oomatshini bokomisa
Isixhobo sokomisa esikhethekileyo seslime luhlobo olutsha lwezixhobo ezizodwa zokomisa ezenziwe ngesiseko sesixhobo sokomisa idramu, esingasetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
1. Ukomisa i-slime yoshishino lwamalahle, amalahle aluhlaza, amalahle acocekileyo athambileyo, amalahle axutyiweyo acocekileyo kunye nezinye izinto;
2. Ukomisa i-blast furnace slag, udongwe, i-bentonite, i-limestone, isanti, ilitye le-quartz kunye nezinye izinto kwishishini lokwakha;
3. Ukomisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi, iintsalela zenkunkuma, iintsalela zenkunkuma kunye nezinye izinto ezikwishishini lokuphucula umgangatho;
4. Ukomisa izinto ezingachukumisi ubushushu kwishishini leekhemikhali.