Iigolide eziqinisekisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela zimalunga neetoni ezili-100,000. Amaxabiso egolide anyuke phantse nge-15% kwiinyanga ezintathu ezidlulileyo.

Njengohlobo lwesinyithi oluneempawu ezimbini zemali kunye nempahla, igolide yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yogcino lwemali yangaphandle lwamazwe ahlukeneyo. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kukaMatshi, ixabiso legolide lamazwe ngamazwe linyuke ukusuka kwi-$1,676 i-ounce ukuya kwi-$1,912.77 ngoJuni 1, livala kwi-$1,904.84. Liwe ngaphantsi kwe-$1,900 kwi-ounce yeTroy kwiintsuku ezimbini ezidlulileyo, kodwa lisaphezulu. Kwiinyanga ezintathu nje kuphela, ixabiso legolide linyuke phantse nge-15%. Zeziphi utshintsho olwenzekileyo kulo lonke uthotho lweshishini legolide xa kujongwa ukunyuka kwemarike?

UZhang Yongtao, uSekela Sihlalo kunye noNobhala Jikelele we-China Gold Association, uthe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso egolide kunike ithuba lembali lophuhliso lweshishini legolide lasekhaya. Lo bhubhane wasasazeka kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimeko yezopolitiko nezoqoqosho yamazwe ngamazwe luphucule kakhulu imeko kunye nendima yegolide, lubonelela ngenkxaso enamandla yozinzo kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso legolide lamazwe ngamazwe. Amaxabiso egolide aya phezulu ngokunyuka ngokuqhubekayo, imakethi yegolide iyasebenza. Okwangoku, ixabiso legolide lamazwe ngamazwe lihlala liphezulu, nto leyo enika ithuba lembali lophuhliso lweshishini legolide.

Idatha ibonisa ukuba uphuhliso lwehlabathi lwamashishini egolide luchonge ezi zigcini zophuhliso lwezixhobo ezimalunga neetoni ezili-100,000, kuquka nolwazi olusisiseko olumalunga neetoni ezingama-50,000. Phakathi kweetoni ezili-100 lamawaka zolwazi lwezixhobo zobugcisa ezikhuliswe ngexesha legolide, umxholo ophambili usasazwa kumazwe angaphezu kweshumi elinesibini ahlukeneyo, afana noMzantsi Afrika, iTshayina, iRashiya, iOstreliya, iIndonesia, kunye ne-United States.

Ngokwedatha ekhutshwe yiSebe leMithombo yeNdalo, ngo-2019, iindawo zokugcina igolide eTshayina zaziziitoni ezili-14,131.06, ezimalunga ne-14.13 yepesenti yenani lilonke lehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, inqanaba lokuhlola i-geology yezixhobo zezimbiwa zegolide eTshayina liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye iindawo zokugcina igolide ezisisiseko ziyi-2,298.36 yeetoni, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yindawo yesithoba ngobukhulu yegolide ehlabathini. Ukususela ngo-2016, inani leeprojekthi zokumba igolide kwihlabathi liphela liye landa kancinci kancinci, laza laqala ukwehla ngo-2019. Ngo-2020, iiprojekthi zokumba igolide ezili-1,990 zaqaliswa kwihlabathi liphela, zinyuke ngama-23% ukusuka kwi-1,546 ngo-2019.

Nyanga nganye, inani leeprojekthi zokumba igolide kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2020 linyuke kancinci emva kokuhla ngoMatshi, linyuka laya kwi-197 ngoDisemba, linyuka nge-112% ukusuka kwi-93 kaMatshi ephantsi ngo-2020. Iiprojekthi zokumba igolide zigxile e-Australia, eKhanada nase-United States. Ngo-2020, i-Australia, iKhanada kunye ne-United States ziya kuphumeza iiprojekthi zokumba ezingama-659, 539 kunye ne-172 ngokwahlukeneyo. Xa zizonke, la mazwe mathathu enza i-72% yeeprojekthi zokumba igolide kwihlabathi liphela. Ukususela ngo-2016 ukuya ku-2018, inani lezixhobo zegolide ezisandula ukufunyanwa ehlabathini libonise umkhwa wokwanda kancinci, lifikelela kwi-1,682.7 yeetoni ngo-2018, kwaye libonisa ukwehla okukhulu ngo-2019. Ngo-2020, inani lezixhobo zegolide ezisandula ukufunyanwa ehlabathini linyuke kakhulu, landa nge-27% xa kuthelekiswa no-2019, lafikelela kwi-1,090 yeetoni. Isixa sisonke semithombo yegolide esandula ukufunyanwa ngo-2020 sikwimo ethi “A”, kwaye isixa semithombo yegolide esandula ukufunyanwa ngoJuni nangoJulayi sesona siphantsi nesiphezulu kunyaka, ngokulandelelana, sifikelela kwiitoni eziyi-4.9 kunye neetoni eziyi-410.6.

“Nangona imali yokukhangela igolide ngokwejoloji inciphile kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindawo zokugcina igolide eziqinisekisiweyo zikhule rhoqo ngonyaka.” Iingxaki eziphambili kunye nemingeni ejongene neTshayina kuphuhliso loqoqosho lweshishini lemigodi yegolide zibonakala kwiinkalo ezintathu: Okokuqala, utyalo-mali kulawulo lwemali yokuhlola igolide luye lwehla kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela “kwingxaki yokunqongophala kwezixhobo zegolide”. Okwesibini, amashishini okuvelisa nokulawula igolide kufuneka enze imizamo edibeneyo yokuziqhelanisa nemeko entsha eqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, intsalela ye-cyanide idweliswe kuLuhlu lweeNkunkuma eziNgxamisekileyo ezinxulumene neLizwe, olubeka phambili imfuneko ephezulu yokuveliswa kwemigodi yegolide. Okwesithathu, ulwazi lwesayensi netekhnoloji yegolide alunakwanelisa iimfuno zamashishini ahlukeneyo kuphuhliso lwemarike. “ubuchule besayensi netekhnoloji, kubandakanya iiarhente zokusingqongileyo ze-cyanide zasimahla neziphantsi (ixabiso eliphezulu, ukuxhaphaka okuphantsi), ubunzima betekhnoloji yobunjineli bokugrumba i-ore body kube nzima ukuphula (njengexabiso eliphezulu, elinzima).