Ekupheleni kuka-2021, i-Indonesia (emva koku ibizwa ngokuba yi-Indonesia) ineetoni eziyi-800000 zentsimbi ekrwada, ethatha i-16% yehlabathi, kwaye umlinganiselo wemveliso yogcino uneminyaka eyi-15, ngaphantsi komyinge wehlabathi we-17 iminyaka.Imithombo ye-tin ekhoyo e-Indonesia ineediphozithi ezinzulu kunye nebakala eliphantsi, kwaye imveliso ye-tin ore icinezelwe kakhulu.Okwangoku, ubunzulu bomgodi we-tin yase-Indonesia buhlile ukusuka kwi-50 yeemitha ngaphantsi komhlaba ukuya kwi-100 ~ 150 yeemitha ngaphantsi komhlaba.Ubunzima bemigodi bunyukile, kwaye imveliso yomgodi we-tin yase-Indonesia iye yancipha kwakhona unyaka nonyaka, ukusuka kwincopho yeetoni ezingama-104500 ngo-2011 ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-53000 ngo-2020. Imveliso yetoti yehlabathi yehle ukusuka kuma-35% ngowama-2011 ukuya kuma-20% ngowama-2020.

Njengomvelisi wetoti osulungekisiweyo wesibini kwihlabathi, unikezelo lwetoti esulungekisiweyo lwase-Indonesia lubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa unikezelo lwetoti esulungekisiweyo lwase-Indonesia lulonke kunye nokubonelela nge-elasticity kubonisa ukuhla.

Okokuqala, umgaqo-nkqubo wase-Indonesia wokuthumela ngaphandle kwentsimbi uqhubekile ukuqina.NgoNovemba ka-2021, uMongameli wase-Indonesia uJoko Widodo wathi uya kumisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-tin ore yase-Indonesia ngo-2024. Ngo-2014, iSebe lezoRhwebo lase-Indonesia lakhupha umgaqo wezorhwebo weNombolo 44 wokuthintela ukuthunyelwa kwe-tin ekrwada, enenjongo yokunciphisa ilahleko. inani elikhulu lemithombo ye-tin ngamaxabiso aphantsi kunye nokuphucula ukongezwa kweshishini le-tin kunye nelizwi lexabiso lemithombo ye-tin.Emva kokuphunyezwa kommiselo, ukukhutshwa kwe-tin e-Indonesia kuye kwancitshiswa.Ngo-2020, umlinganiselo ohambelanayo we-tin mine / imveliso ye-tin esulungekileyo e-Indonesia yi-0.9 kuphela.Njengoko umthamo wokunyibilikisa wase-Indonesia ungaphantsi kunowe-tin ore, kwaye umthamo wasekhaya wokunyibilikisa kunzima ukwetyisa intsimbi ekrwada eyayithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle kwixeshana elifutshane, ukuveliswa kwentsimbi ekrwada e-Indonesia kwehlile ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yokunyibilikiswa kwelizwe. .Ukusukela ngo-2019, umlinganiselo ohambelanayo wemveliso yetin esulungekisiweyo yomgodi wetin yase-Indonesia ubengaphantsi kwe-1, ngelixa umlinganiso ohambelanayo ngo-2020 yi-0.9 kuphela.Imveliso yenkcenkce ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nemveliso yasekhaya yetoti esulungekisiweyo.

Okwesibini, ukuhla ngokubanzi komgangatho wemithombo e-Indonesia, ejongene neengxaki zokuhlanjululwa kobutyebi bomhlaba kunye nobunzima obuninzi bokumbiwa kwemigodi yolwandle, ukunqanda imveliso ye-tin ore.Okwangoku, i-submarine tin mine yeyona nto iphambili kwimveliso ye-tin e-Indonesia.Ukumbiwa kweenkwili kunzima kwaye kuyabiza, kwaye imveliso yomgodi wenkcenkce nayo iya kuchaphazeleka ngamaxesha onyaka.

Inkampani yaseTianma yeyona mveliso inkulu yetoti e-Indonesia, kunye ne-90% yendawo yomhlaba evunyiweyo yokwembiwa kwenkcenkce, kwaye imveliso yetoti elunxwemeni yenza i-94%.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yolawulo olubi lwenkampani yaseTianma, amalungelo ayo okumbiwa kwemigodi axhatshazwe ngokugqithisileyo linani elikhulu labasebenzi-mgodini abancinci babucala, kwaye inkampani yaseTianma iye yanyanzeleka ukuba yomeleze ulawulo lwayo kumalungelo ezemigodi kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Okwangoku, imveliso yenkampani ixhomekeke ngakumbi kumgodi wetoti wangaphantsi kwamanzi, kwaye inxalenye yemveliso yenkcenkce yaselunxwemeni inyuke ukusuka kwi-54% ngo-2010 ukuya kwi-94% ngo-2020. iindawo zokugcina intsimbi ekrwada ekwizinga eliphezulu elunxwemeni.

Imveliso yentsimbi yeTin yenkampani yaseTianma ibonisa indlela ehlayo iyonke.Ngo-2019, imveliso ye-tin yenkampani yaseTianma yafikelela kwiitoni ezingama-76000, ngokunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-128%, elinqanaba eliphezulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Oku kungenxa yokuphunyezwa kwemimiselo emitsha yokuthumela ngaphandle e-Indonesia kwikota yesine ka-2018, eyenza inkampani yaseTianma ikwazi ukufumana imveliso yabasebenzi basezimayini ngokungekho mthethweni ngaphakathi kwendawo yelayisensi ngokweenkcukacha-manani, kodwa amandla okwenene emveliso ye-tin ayenzile. hayi ukwanda.Ukusukela ngoko, imveliso yetin yenkampani yaseTianma iqhubekile nokuhla.Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zika-2021, imveliso yetin esulungekisiweyo yenkampani yaseTianma yayiziitoni ezili-19000, ukwehla konyaka-ngonyaka ngama-49%.

Okwesithathu, amashishini amancinci abucala okunyibilikisa aye angawona mandla aphambili ekuboneleleni ngeetoti ezisulungekileyo

Kwixesha elizayo, imithombo ye-tin yase-Indonesia iya kugxilwa kwizinyibilikisi ezinkulu

Kutshanje, i-ingot ye-tin ingot yase-Indonesia iphinde yachacha unyaka nonyaka, ngenxa yokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwe-tin ingot kumazwe angaphandle kwizinyibilikisi zabucala.Ekupheleni kuka-2020, inani lilonke letoti esulungekisiweyo yamashishini abucala okunyibilikisa e-Indonesia ayemalunga neetoni ezingama-50000, ebalelwa kwi-62% yomthamo uwonke wase-Indonesia.Olunye uphawu oluphawulekayo lwemigodi ye-tin kunye nemigodi ye-tin esulungekileyo e-Indonesia kukuba uninzi lwazo luyimveliso encinci ngamashishini abucala, kwaye umphumo uya kulungelelaniswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwezinga lexabiso.Xa ixabiso letoti liphezulu, amashishini amancinci anyusa ngokukhawuleza imveliso, kwaye xa ixabiso letoti lihlile, bakhetha ukuvala umthamo wemveliso.Ke ngoko, imveliso ye-tin ore kunye ne-tin esulungekileyo e-Indonesia inokuguquguquka okukhulu kunye nokungacingelwa kwangaphambili.

Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zika-2021, i-Indonesia yathumela ngaphandle iitoni ezingama-53000 zetoti esulungekisiweyo, ukwanda kwe-4.8% ngexesha elifanayo ngo-2020. imveliso yetin esulungekileyo yenkampani yaseTianma.Nangona kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuba ukwandiswa kwamandla kunye nomthamo wangempela wokuthumela ngaphandle wezinyibiliki zabucala ziya kuqhubeka zilawulwa luvavanyo olungqongqo lokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo eIndonesia.Ukusukela ngoJanuwari 2022, urhulumente wase-Indonesia akakakhuphi ilayisensi entsha yokuthumela ngaphandle ngotshintshiselwano.

Umbhali ukholelwa ukuba kwixesha elizayo, izixhobo ze-tin zase-Indonesia ziya kugxininiswa ngakumbi kwizinyibilikisi ezinkulu, ukubakho kokukhula okubonakalayo kwemveliso ye-tin esulungekileyo yamashishini amancinci kuya kuba ngaphantsi nangaphantsi, imveliso ye-tin esulungekileyo iya kuhlala izinzile, kunye nemveliso. u-elasticity uya kuncipha ngokucwangcisiweyo.Ngokuhla kwebakala lentsimbi ekrwada ye-tin e-Indonesia, imowudi yemveliso encinci yamashishini amancinci iya isiba ingenamali, kwaye inani elikhulu lamashishini amancinci aya kususwa emarikeni.Emva kokwaziswa komthetho omtsha wemigodi wase-Indonesia, ukunikezelwa kwentsimbi ekrwada ekrwada kuya kuhamba ngakumbi kumashishini amakhulu, nto leyo eya kuba “nempembelelo yokuxinana” ekuboneleleni ngentsimbi ekrwada ekrwada kumashishini amancinci anyibilikayo.